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Background-5 adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to interact with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) to induce gene expression synergistically and activation of AMPK inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.We aim to investigate whether PPARδ is an important mediator for the vascular benefits of anti-diabetic drug metformin (AMPK activator) in ameliorating ER stress and endothelial dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.