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The modern animal breeding techniques, such as animal cloning, transgenesis, sex determination, stem cells, creating new animal breeds, must be performed on animal oocytes and embryos.Thus, embryo biotechnologies have become a core of modern animal breeding program.Currently, embryo biotechnology has become the most powerful tool for animal breeders and animal scientists to improve genetic construction of their animal herds.Combining the new advance in modern biotechnology with future application, author puts forward a new concept of Animal Embryo Breeding Science to describe this discipline formation, development and application in beef cattle improvement.The category and content of this discipline study have been outlined and its relationship with other disciplines has been discussed.Based on animal embryo breeding science study, animal scientists and breeders can easily understand and apply embryo breeding theory and its biotechnology to accelerate animal improvement speed, to modify genetic construction of animal population and to create new animal breeds.