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Background/Aims: Vascular calcification(VC)is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)and contributes to theirhigh rate of cardiovascular mortality.Indoxyl sulfate(IS),a protein-bound uremic toxin,is a major risk factor forVCin CKD.VC is a complex and highly cell-regulated process mediated by both promoters and inhibitorsof calcification.However,how calcification inhibitorsareregulated by IS in CKD is less well defined.