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Thrombocytopenia is a common symptom of radiation.Seeking for valuable avenues for the treatment of radiation-induced thrombocytopenia is desirable.In this study,we demonstrate for the first time that hGH has a distinct capacity to promote the differentiation,especially the terminal differentiation,of human primary megakaryocytes derived from umbilical cord CD34+ cells.Then we found that fusion with hGH enhanced the effect of a tandem dimer of thrombopoietin mimetic peptide (dTMP) on thrombopoiesis,manifested by a significant acceleration and increase of platelet production,indicating that hGH may exert a complementary and synergistic effect with c-Mpl ligands on thrombopoiesis.Accordingly,administration of the dTMP-GH fusion protein led to a rapid platelet recovery in mice with severe thrombocytopenia induced by 6.5 Gy total body irradiation,accompanied with a shortened duration of thrombocytopenia crisis (platelet <150×109/L),thereby significantly increasing the 30-day survival rate of irradiated mice.