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Objective: The goal of this study is to understand the effect of 21 days electroacupuncture treatment on the concentration of adenosine varying in pheral blood of collagen induced arthritis(CIA) rat.Method: 0.5ml of Emulsion mixed with bovine collagen type Ⅱ and complete Freunds adjuvant was injected in intradermal of rat tail root for building CIA model.When these models had been built,they were divided into CIA-control group and EA-treated group(n=6).There were another 6 rats enter into Shem-control group without any treatment.15 days after booster immunization,rats were anesthetized,2ml boold was got from the orbit.The content of adenosine in rats peripheral blood was detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method.Using the gradient centrifugation,mononuclear cells were obtained from peripheral blood.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect CD73 mRNA(5-nucleotidase),adenosine deaminase mRNA (Adenosine deaminase,ADA),interleukin-1beta mRNA(Interleukin-1β, IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α).The immunohistochemical staining of ADA and CD73 was used to detect their expression in synovial that from the ankle joint tissue.Result: The content of adenosine in peripheral blood of CIA-contral group was higher than Shem-Control group (P<0.05);after EA-treatment,content of adenosine was obviously increasing compared with the CIA-control group, the difference was tremendous (P<0.05).CD73mRNA of EA-Treated group was significantly increased than that of CIA-control group (P<0.05);ADAmRNA in the CIA-control group decreased significantly (P<0.05),TNF-α mRNA than that in the CIA-control group had decreased significantly (P<0.05),IL-1 β in the CIA-control group also decreased,but it appeared not so significant (P>0.05).Immunohistochemical study showed that CD73 was higher in the EA-Treated group than the Shem-Control group (P<0.05);ADA was decreased in EA-Treated group compared to the CIA-Control group (P<0.05)Conclusion: Continuous electroacupuncture treatment for 21 days increased adenosine content in the peripheral blood of CIA rats, changed activity of CD73 and ADA, and reduced the level of IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in CIA rats peripheral blood.In a word,Electroacupuncture treatment had improved the content of adenosine in CIA rats peripheral blood, thus played an anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.