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With rapid development of advanced technology,omics-based biomarkers are expected to provide a more precise tool to predict and control diseases,and also to evaluate nutrition status.However,limited prospective studies have systematically investigated major nutritional and genetic factors for cardiometabolic diseases in Chinese with the world largest populations of obesity and type 2 diabetics(T2D).Thus,by utilizing multiple omics approaches in a 6-yr population-based cohort study and also leading a national genome-wide association study (GWAS)for T2D in Chinese Hans,over 100 genetic variants were identified or confirmed to be associated with obesity,T2D and hypertension.Moreover,about 50 genetic variants were documented to influence fatty acids,vitamin D and iron metabolic pathways.Meanwhile,multiple nutritional biomarkers(high carb or dairy intakes and iron,vitamin D,vitamin B1 status)were showed to be associated with prevalence or incident of MetS,T2D and other health outcomes.For instance,high carbohydrate dietary pattern appeared to promote levels of 16:1n-7 and other fatty acids from de novo lipogenesis(DNL)pathway.Increased levels of 16:1n-7 fatty acids were associated with a higher 6-year incidence of MetS and T2D.In our recent GWAS for monounsaturated fatty acids,GCKR-rs1260326 and PKD2L1-rs603424 were linked with altered 16:1n-7 and other fatty acid levels by modifying DNL pathway.Moreover,a panel of acylcarnitines,especially long-chain acylcarnitines,was showed to substantially improve predictive ability for incident diabetes beyond conventional risks.There were about 70%participants in our cohort population having vitamin D deficiency and low plasma 25(OH) D significantly associated with high MetS risks.In our recent randomized,double-blinded controlled trial,daily supplementation with 2000 IU vitamin D3(the upper intake level in China) for 20 weeks significantly raised 25(OH)D concentrations,but still left 25%participants with uncorrected deficiency.Genetic factors exerted stronger impact than non-genetic factors (baseline value,BMI and gender)on 25(OH)D responses; while overweight persons showed lower 25(OH)D response than that in normal weight persons.Overall,our studies provide important insights regarding roles of genetic and nutrient-related biomarkers on metabolic diseases and nutritional status in Chinese and these findings are useful for achieving strategies of precision nutrition.