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To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 125I seeds implantation for refractory chest wall (CW)metastasis or recurrence under CT guidance.In addition we assessed initial data obtained on the therapeutic response for refractory CW metastasis or recurrence.Twenty consecutive patients underwent permanent implantation of 125I seeds (from Jul.2004 to Jan.2011) under computed tomography (CT) guidance.Postoperative dosimetry was routinely performed for all patients.The actuarial D90 of the implanted 125I seeds ranged from 100Gy to 160Gy (median:130Gy).The activity of 125I seeds ranged from 0.SmCi to 0.78mCi (median: 0.71 mCi).The total number of seeds implanted ranged from 8 to 269 (median: 53).The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 54 months (median: 11.5 months).The survival and local control probabilities were calculated by the Kapian-Meier method.Among all the 20 patients, 3 patients had complete remission CR (15%), 12 patients had partial remission PR (60%), 5 patients had stable disease SD.The 1-, 2-, 3-and 4-year tumor control rates were all 88.7% respectively.The 1-and 2-, 3-, 4-year cancer specific survival rates were 56.5% and 47.1%, 47.1%, 47.1%respectively.The 1-and 2-, 3-, 4-year overall survival rates were 53.3% and 35.6%, 35.6%,35.6% respectively, with a median survival of 15 months (95% CI, 7.0-22.9).Mild brachial plexus injury was seen in one patient;grade 1 or 2 skin reactions were seen in 6 patients (30%) who had received external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) before.No grade 3 and 4 skin side effects were found.Rib fracture, ulceration, pneumothorax or hemopneumothorax were not seen.Interstitial permanent implantation of 125I seeds under CT guidance is feasible,efficacious and safe for refractory CW metastasis or recurrence.