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Objective:To complete comparison between anterior cervical surgery by microendoscopic and open operation,explore feasibility and efficacy of anterior cervical decompression,interbody fusion and fixation by microendoscopic surgery,and give preliminary clinical evaluation of microendoscopic surgery.Methods:In a retrospective study,46 patients underwent one level cervical surgery by anterior approach.23 patients (23~64 yrs,41.5 yrs as average) were treated with microendoscopic surgery as microendoscopic group.Under general anesthesia,a transverse incision (1.6 cm) was made at right side of neck.A tubular retractor is then inserted and fixed,and a specially designed endoscope is placed inside the tubular retractor.Discectomy and interbody fusion with insertion of cage or/and plate fixation was performed by endoscope.At fracture and dislocation patient group,titanium cage was used in 1 case,CBK in 1 case,plate in 5 cases.At cervical disc herniation patient group,titanium cage was used in 2 cases,CBK in 12 cases,plate in 2 cases.During the same period,23 patients (25~68 yrs,46.5 yrs as average) were treated with open surgery as open group.A transverse incision (4~5cm) was made by right approach.Discectomy and interbody fusion with cage or/and plate fixation was performed by general procedure.