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This paper aimed to explore the protective effects of picroside Ⅱ against the neuronal apoptosis and changes in morphology and structure that follow cerebral ischemic injury in rats.A focal cerebral ischemic model was established by inserting a monofilament thread to achieve middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in 60 Wistar rats,and intraperitoneal injections of picroside Ⅱ (20 mg/kg) were administered.The neurobehavioral functions were evaluated with the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test.