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Objective: To clarify the prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt in lay Buddhists in Guangzhou, and to explore the risk factors and protective factors of recent suicidal ideation in lay Buddhists.Methods: The sample consisted of lay persons practicing in the Great Buddha Temple.They were asked to complete the questionnaires, including Buddhism Relative Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90, Suicidal Ideation, Gesture, Plan and Attempt Scale, Self-Rate Health Measurement Scale, Impulsivity and Aggression Scale, Acceptable Suicide Scale, Quality of Life Scale.Results: One hundred and seventy one subjects completed the questionnaires, including 49 male and 122 female with mean age of 41.62 years.There were 22 subjects reported suicidal ideation (12.9 %), ten people had suicidal ideation in one year (n/N 5.8%) and seven in one month (4.1%); and four had attempted suicide (2.3%).The lay persons were divided into two groups according to the years they practiced Buddhism.One group contacted Buddhism less than one year, the other group more than one year.The prevalence of suicidal ideation during lifetime, in one year and in one month were significantly different between the two groups, with 23.7%, 13.1%, 10.5% in the first group, and 9.7%, 1.5%, 0% in the second group, respectively.The non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was performed with "whether you had suicidal ideation last month" as dependent variable.Religious Experience (a subscale of Buddhism Relative Questionnaire) and Acceptable Suicide showed statistically significant (OR=0.689, 95%Cl: 0.483-0.983; OR=1.152, 95%Cl: 1.043-1.271, respectively).When "whether you had suicidal ideation last year" was put as dependent variable, Acceptable Suicide showed statistically significant (OR=1.102, 95%Cl:1.023-1.189]).Conclusion: Buddhism, especial the Buddhist experience, such as tranquillity and harmonious of soul, responsibility to help others, may be a protective factor of last month suicidal ideation.The effect is more obvious if contacting Buddhism longer.The score of the acceptable suicide scale may be the risk factor both in one year and one month suicidal ideation.It will increase the risk of suicide.