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Background:An increasing trend of the incidence of mumps has been observed in a few developing countries in recent years,presenting a major threat to childrens health. A few studies have examined the relationship between meteorological factors and mumps with inconsistent findings.Methods:The daily data of meteorological variables and mumps from 2009 to 2013 were obtained from Jining,a temperate inland city of China. A generalized additive model was used to quantify the association between meteorological factors and mumps based on the exposure-response relationship.Results:A total of 8520 mumps cases were included in this study. We found a nonlinear relationship of daily mean temperature,sunshine duration and relative humidity with mumps,with an approximately linear association for mean temperature above 4 C (excess risk (ER) for 1 ℃ increase was 2.72%,95% confidence interval (CI):2.38%,3.05% on the current day),for relative humidity above 54%,the ER for 1% increase was -1.86% (95% CI:—2.06%,-1.65%) at lag day 14;and for sunshine duration higher than 5 h/d,the ER for per 1 h/d increase wasl2.91%(95% CI:11.38%,14.47%) at lag day 1. While we found linear effects for daily wind speed (ER:2.98%,95%CI:2.71%,3.26% at lag day 13).Conclusions:This study suggests that meteorological factors might be important predictors of incidence of mumps,and should be considered in its control and prevention.