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How to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of technology integration is the difficulty issue of water pollution control.In this paper,to investigate the correlation of physiological characteristics including peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities of roots tissues,chlorophyll (Chl) and soluble protein (SP) contents of leaves of plants and main physical and chemical characteristics of the effluents,Nymphaea tetragona and Pontederia cordata were hydroponic cultivated in 6 purifying-tanks (with and without aeration of three parallel tanks for per plant) with same planting density of 13 (plants/m2 water area).Biomass and N and P accumulations of plants tissues were analyzed.Effects of aeration on physiological characteristics of plants and N and P removals of purifying-tanks during treatment for heavily polluted water were comparatively analyzed.Another tank without plant was prepared for control (CK).Results showed aeration affected physiological characteristics of plants,and the effects were more significant on Nymphaea tetragona than Pontederia cordata.Particularly,biomass and length of roots,stems and leaves of plants at the non aeration exceeded the aeration,respectively.POD and CAT activities of roots at the aeration exceeded the non aeration,while Chla,Chlb and SP contents of leaves were lower than the non aeration.N and P accumulations of roots,stems and leaves were higher at the non aeration than the aeration.Especially,aeration resulted in tillers and roots densities of Nymphaea tetragona decreased significantly,while they varied contrarily for Pontederia cordata.Aeration also affected N and P removals of purifying-tanks.Total N (TN),NH4+-N,Total P(TP) and soluble P removals were lower at the aeration than the non aeration by decreasing 3.57 ％,4.28 ％,33.04 ％ and 28.29 ％ for Nymphaea tetragona.However,for Pontederia cordata,TN and NH4+-N removals were higher at the aeration than the non aeration by increasing 14.44 ％ and 16.06 ％,but TP and soluble P removals were lower at the aeration than the non aeration by decreasing 30.15 ％ and 25.90 ％.Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between physiological characteristics of aquatic plants and N and P removals of effluent under long-term aeration conditions.