The Adventure of Fine Manipulation and Observation of Cell Systems with Nanobiosensors and Nanoprobe

• 作 者: Paula P.Gon(c)alves
• 机 构: University of Aveiro Portugal
• 出 处: 第六届中国医药生物技术论坛
• 发表日期: 2013年1期

　　Enormous pressure and hope have been placed on Nanotechnology over the past 50 years to respond to the aspiration of manipulate and control processes to a scale below the micrometre.These big challenges are even more complex when we think about biological systems, both in terms of biotechnology as the welfare of living beings.Nowadays objective appears to be able to define real-time trajectories and dynamics of individual molecules and of their transformations, which display fast and stochastic behaviour not only in single cells but also in multicellular organisms.Living systems exhibit complex behaviour with all its emergent characteristics: on/off switches, thresholds, waves, gradients, mutual entrainment, periodic and chaotic behaviours.In addition, the biological processes are compartmentalized and continue on different spatial scales, as well as the scales of time and concentration of metabolites, enzymes, signalling molecules and other biomolecules are very diverse.Two main alternatives evolutionary strategies led to the coexistence of a myriad number of organisms between the so-called strict regulators and conformers, both displaying rewards and weaknesses.The importance of considering the crosstalks between processes at the level of cells, organ systems and between organisms, developed through an Evolution with billions of years, will be presented and discussed in order to contribute to the nanotechnological strategies become even more effective.