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Purpose:COX-2 plays important roles in modulation of immune response,apoptosis,angiogenesis,and tumor invasion.COX-2 expression was reported to correlate with survival after radiotherapy and the response to radiotherapy.This study investigated whether genetic variations in COX-2 gene are associated with radiotherapy response and the survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy.