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When the energy of a river reaches a minimum required to transport an imposed sediment load,a special equilibrium state is achieved within a single channel and this is termed stationary (or stable) equilibrium.It can be determined by the condition of either maximum sediment transport capacity or minimum energy slope.Stationary equilibrium theory of alluvial river-channel form adjustment has a sound physical basis within the context of the least action principle,however,its application to large rivers has not received sufficient assessment.For anabranching rivers formed of islands of a variety of shapes,this study applies equilibrium theory for alluvial channel flow to explain the morphology of islands.