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The small-world networks have been proposed to be the optimal brain network,which with maximal efficiency in information processing at a minimal cost,and facilitating rapid information interactions.Some research suggested patients with cognitive impairment have disrupted small-world networks.In this study,we aimed to investigate how the smallworld properties alter in Leukoaraiosis(LA)patients.Methods:We selected subjects from communities using MRI,and gave them cognitive tests including Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR),divided them into LA with cognitive normal(LA-CN),LA with vascular mild cognitive impairment(LA-VaMCI)and the normal control(NC).We collected Resting-state Functional MRI date,and then,applied Graph theoretical analysis to evaluate the small-world networks,tried to find the difference among these groups.Finally,we discussed the relationship between small-world properties alter and the degree of cognitive impairment.Results:We found that both LA-CN and LAVaMCI cases presented modified small-world topological properties.Compared with NC group,LA-CN group had increased smallworld properties,whereas LA-VaMCI group showed decreased small-world properties.On the other hand,we also found the more serious of small-world networks changed,the more lower score of MoCA.Conclusions:Our study indicated disrupted small-world networks may be one mechanism of cognitive impairment in LA patients,and maybe the changed degree of small-world networks can be used to estimate the level of cognitive impairment.The small-world networks could be used as a potential marker to detect vascular cognitive impairment.