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Purpose: In this study, we want to investigate the correlations between UbcH10 expression and clinical pathological characteristics and survival time of NSCLC patients.In addition, the expression of UbcH10 in SK-MES-1, A549 and MRC-5 cell lines, and its effects on chemosensitivity in SK-MES-1 cell lines were assessed.Methods: Immunohistochemical assays were adopted to detect the expression of UbcH10 in NSCLC and normal lung tissue samples.UbcH10 mRNA and protein expression as well as the expression of YKL-40 and MDR1 protein were analyzed in three cell lines.The effects of UbcH10 silencing cell proliferation, cell cycle and chemosensitivity were assessed through the MTT assay and cell cycle analysis of SK-MES-1 cells.Results: There was a significantly negative correlation between UbcH10 expression and postoperative survival time.UbeH10 expression in P-D tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in W-D tumors; it in SCC was significantly higher than that in the AC.The mRNA and protein of UbcH10 were overexpressed in SK-MES-1 and A549 cell lines compared with MRC-5 cell line while the expression in SK-MES-1 was higher than that in A549.Cell proliferation was inhibited in SK-MES-1 cells by UbcH10 knockdown via RNA interference.In addition, MDR1 gene expression decreased significantly while the sensitivity to gemcitabine and paclitaxel increased through UbcH10 silencing SK-MES-1 cells.Conclusion: UbcH10 expression was independent risk factor for postoperative patients with NSCLC.Cell proliferation was inhibited and the sensitivity to gemcitabine and paclitaxel increased in SK-MES-1 cells by UbcH10 knockdown via RNA interference.