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The SNP-based forensic applications are emerging rapidly with a potential to replace STR-based panels which are now being used widely.With the advent of biomedical research,the SNPs connecting physical anthropological,physiological,behavioral and phonetic traits will be eventually added to the forensic panels that will revolutionize criminal investigation.e present a panel of 177 SNP markers (referred to as Fudan ID Panel or FID),selected from~3.6 million SNPs,for one of the forensic applications,i.e.,personal identification.The panel was evaluated and optimized using 729 samples.