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The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the upper 1mm of the ocean,which has been shown to be physiochemically and microbiologically distinctive [1].Previous study of the bacterial communities in the SML,the bacterioneuston,collected from a coastal marine site has shown reduced diversity in the SML compared to sub-surface water [2].Microbial biogeography is the study of the distribution of microbial diversity temporally and spatially,with aims to reveal microbial community structure and the mechanisms that generate and maintain said diversity.Here we present biogeographical data which compares total microbial community structure in the SML and sub-surface water from a range of marine habitats including estuarine,fjord,coastal waters and open ocean.