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Prunus is an important horticultural fruit crop origined from East Asia and now widely cultivated in China for its high ecological, ornamental and economic value.Currently,there are over 140 species grown in China, with a great part of themare cultivated widely.Molecular markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of these cultivars and to identify the pedigrees of fine Prunus plants with good characteristics and no cultivar-related data.A total of 92 samples grown in China were studied, including 10 introduced cultivars.A total of 20 ISSR primers were prescreened;10 ISSR were selected, yielding a total of 125 amplified bands (100% polymorphic) in the range for the ISSR markers.