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Objective: To investigate the effect of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) on expression of liver cell cycle related proteins of rats and the possible carcinogenic mechanism of VCM.Methods:64 Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups and they were administrated VCM 5,25,125 mg/kg body weight through intraperitoneal injection three times per week for twelve weeks.The rats were ranomly killed at the 6th and 12th week (half male and half female).Western blot was used for detect protein expression.Results: At 6 weeks and 12 weeks,the expressions of P21 protein of rat liver cells increased with the doses increase of VCM and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The P53 pretein decreased with the doses increse of VCM at 6 weeks (P<0.001),while increased at 12 weeks(P>0.05).Histopathological examination revealed vinyl chloride exposure dose groups had hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, the portal area is larger, fibrosis and other pathological changes.Conclusion: VCM can induce liver cells P53 and P21 protein expression abnormal in a dose-response relationship.