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Noxious substances released from burning cigarettes may cause hypoxia, ischemia and neurotoxic effects that impede the development of the central nervous system, including brainstem respiratory centres.Our previous studies demonstrated that hydrogen sulphide (H2S) could protect medullary respiratory centres from the injuries caused by hypoxia in in vitro preparations from neonatal rats.The present experiments were carried out to study the protective effects of H2S, potentially mediated by an anti-apoptotic mechanism, against injury of the medullary respiratory centres induced by intrauterine cigarette smoke exposure.