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Neutropenia-related infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the setting of aggressive chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.A renewed interest in granulocyte transfusion therapy has arisen with the demonstration that large doses of granulocytes can be obtained from donors who have been stimulated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).Granulocytes collected from such donors have been shown to increase the recipients blood neutrophil count and appear to function normally as judged by both in vivo and in vitro tests.The evidence for clinical efficacy is limited to that provided by case reports and small series, and the results are not uniform.