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In recent years the global need for energy has increased tremendously,and at the same time the oil price has skyrocketed whereas the oil reserves have steadily diminished.These trends have generated a considerable interest in utilizing renewable energy resources and developing new technologies based on these resources.In the middle of this crossroad biofuel has,during a rather short period of time,developed from being a minor research field within green chemistry to becoming a hot topic with a number of scientific,environmental,ethical,and political issues attached to it.In the lecture these aspects will be discussed,taking into account the following question:Is global utilization of biofuel on a large scale compatible with a sustainable development?