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Cellular metals with periodic and non-periodic microstructures can sustain large plastic deformation at almost constant stress.Due to such excellent energy absorption capability, cellular metals are very suited to be used as the core of sandwich structures, which have been applied widely to many engineering fields.A theoretical analysis model on the dynamic plastic behavior of sandwich structures subjected to impulse loading was developed and the typical deformation failure modes were presented in this study.And then, the energy dissipation and collapse mechanism of components of sandwich structures were discussed in detail.The propagation and decay characteristic of stress wave in the cellular metals were analyzed.Moreover, the possible stress enhancement in the solid phase was studied in order to try to obtain its physical mechanism and relevance criterion.Finally, a study of weigh optimization aimed at shock-resistance performance was carried out for sandwich structures with respect to the geometric parameters and mechanical properties of core and face sheets.The research results are of worth to the multifunction innovation design of cellular metal sandwich structures in the momentous engineering structures.