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Purpose: The indication and timing of intervention of linear orbital floor fractures is controversial.Patients with linear orbital floor fractures were reviewed to identify factors affecting prolonged postoperative diplopia.Patients and Methods: The subjects were 16 patients who presented to our institution due to linear orbital floor fractures between 2001 and 2012.Medical records were reviewed retrospectively.Results: Eleven patients underwent surgery, and 3 of 11 had some residual restriction.Patients with computed tomographic findings of inferior rectus muscle entrapment or swelling tended to have persistent diplopia after surgery.There was a weak negative relationship between delay of surgery and postoperative duration of diplopia.Five of 16 patients without significant computed tomographic findings of inferior rectus muscle showed early improvement of diplopia.These patients were managed conservatively and had no residual diplopia.Conclusion: There was a poor correlation between time to surgery and time to recovery.However delayed surgical intervention for patients with muscle entrapment resulted in persistent diplopia.Injury to the inferior rectus muscle seems to be one of the most important causes of postoperative diplopia.We recommend urgent intervention in patients with muscle entrapment or severe oculocardiac reflex.Inferior rectus muscle swelling or missing rectus signs might be a good predictor of prolonged diplopia.