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Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are directly implicated in degradation of extracellular matrix.Multiple studies have shown that MMPs and their inhibitors are involved in various pathological processes as well as acute graft rejection.This study analyzed serum concentrations of MMP-2,9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 in heart transplant (HTx) patients with different result of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB).Methods: Generally 37 endomyocardial biopsy samples and serum samples of MMP-2,9, TIMP-1 were obtained from 30 HTx recipients (group A: grade 0+IA, n=27; group B:grade IB, n=10).Mean patient age was comparable in both group (group A: 50.6± 8.4 vs.group B: 53.2± 3.3 years).Myocardial biopsies, serum samples and echocardiography were done from 4 to 6 months after Htx with standart immunosuppressive therapy.Serum levels of MMP-2,9 and TIMP-1 were assayed by ELISA.EMB were evaluated according to ISHLT guidelines.Results: Comparable serum concentrations ofMMP-2,9, TIMP-1 and echocardiography parameters were observed in both group.Conclusions: Our results indicate, that there isnt evidence for changes of concentrations of MMP-2,9 and TIMP-1 in heart transplant recipients with mild diffuse acute cellular rejection versus without rejection.Study limitation was absence of higher grade of graft rejection.