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Recent studies have demonstrated that more than 80 genes are linked to monogenetic epilepsy.Most of these genes are related to ion channels.SCN1A remains to be the most relevant epilepsy gene so far.One of the important features of the phenotypes of SCN1A mutations is the quantity-dependence, shown both experimentally in KO mouse and clinically in mosaic mutations.It is thus suspected that the expression level of SCN1A may play a role the manifestation of phenotypes.The promoter region and some non-coding exons of SCN1A have been identified recently.It is therefore possible to search genetic abnormalities in such regions in patients of epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (EFS+) but without mutations in coding exons.A variety of phenotypes and types of functional defect (funotypes) have been found in Nav 1.1 mutants.Previous studies failed to correlate the funotypes with the phenotypes.Studies on the genotype-funotype-phenotype relationship will help us to understand the biological basis, and further in management, of epilepsy.It will also be helpful in studying the normal physical functioning of the sodium channels.