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Improving the brittleness of cement paste is important to solve the hidden trouble during the production of oil and gas wells. This paper investigated that nanometer rubber powder added to the cement matrix composite material. Compressive strength, flexural strength and permeability tests studied the optimum dosage of rubber powder and the physical properties of cement paste. Triaxial mechanics test investigated the resistance of deformation. Testing specific surface area, particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to describe the characteristics of nanometer rubber powder and discuss the toughening mechanism. Results show that adding nanometer rubber powder did not affect the performance of cement slurry. Moreover, the optimal dosage was 0.5% weight of cement.