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Standard theories about choice in the decision sciences are based on the premise that human decisions are rational choices based on calculations of material self-interest.This premise requires that we assume that humans are hard wired to routinely engage in solving extremely complex optimization problems.In Wired for Survival: The Rational (And Irrational) Choices We Make, From The Gas Pump to Terrorism (2008) I argue that the emerging evidence in behavioral and cognitive neuroscience suggests that rather than being wired to make strictly or even boundedly rational choices based on material self-interest, humans are wired to make choices that they believe will facilitate their material and immaterial survival.