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Purpose: To estimate the use of the Distress Thermometer (DT) for cancer patients in China. Methods: Between September 1st 2007 to January 3rd 2008, 5,036 cancer patients attending their first inpatient appointment at the Beijing Cancer Hospital completed the Chinese version of the Distress Thermometer. Those scoring >4 on the Distress Thermometer, and whose distress was caused by mood problems were interviewed by a psychologist to assess their mental state. Recommendation was made to clinical doctors for onward referral to psychiatric consultation if patients were diagnosed with mood disorders in the psychologist interview. Results: 1. The incidence of distress on screening was 17.41%. The main causes of distress in descending order were; worry, pain, fatigue, nervousness, insurance/ financial concerns, memory/ concentration difficulties, eating, bathing/dressing and nausea.