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Background The Robotic-assistant surgery applied more widely in fields of minimal invasive surgery,the safety remains to be discussed.The purpose of this study was to assess the complications after Robotic-assistant Rectal Cancer Resection using the Clavien–Dindo classification and identify risk factors related to them.Method Five hundred and fifty-six patients who underwent Successful robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery(RALS)for rectum cancer between September 2011 and June 2016 were enrolled in this study.Surgical outcomes,pathological results and complications were graded,and possible risk factors related to complications were analyzed.Results There were 347 males and 209 females,tumor located peritoneal reflection or more below were 327.The types of procedures performed were 228 high anterior resections,23 low anterior resection(included 6 intersphincteric resections),and 131 abdominoperineal resections.The overall complication rate was 15.8%,with the severe complications classified as grade Ⅲ or above was 5%.For overall and severe complications,higher ASA score and male sex were identified as independent risk factors for overall complications.Excluded APR and Hartmann resection groups,more than 3 staple used in operation,Anastomotic from anal verge less than 5cm were identified as independent risk factors for complications.Conclusions Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery(RALS)for rectal cancer is a technically Safe and effective.As a new invasive procedure,this procedure did not improve the morbidity significantly.The incidence of complications is still related to tumor location,the general condition of patients and surgical approach.