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Neuronal microcircuitry represents the communications between various individual neurons,mainly consisting of chemical synaptic transmissions and serving as the foundation of functional neural networks in the brain.The discovery of the organizing principles of the neuronal microcircuitry is essential for understanding brain functions.Using multineuron patch clamp recording,histochemical staining and 3D-computer reconstruction,we have been studying the excitatory and inhibitory microcircutries in differrent neocortical areas.We have revealed three types of inhibitory chemical synapses,including facilitating and depressing synapses as well as a third type with balanced facilitation and depression.