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High oil content is one of the most important characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) breeding.In order to understand the genetic basis of seed oil content, a series of reciprocal crosses between rapeseed parents with high oil content (53110, 61616 and 6F313), medium-oil content (Zhongshuang 9) and low oil content (51070 and 93275) were conducted.It was found that the oil content of F1 hybrid seeds in rapeseed was mainly controlled by the maternal genotype.The maternal effect value of oil content was estimated to be 0.86.The pollen parent had a xenia effect on oil content, estimated to be 0.14 which changed the mean value by 1.86 percent.The inheritance of oil content was studied in a set of 8 × 8 diallel crosses of different varieties.The results indicated that the inheritance of oil content could be explained by an additive-dominant-epistasis model.Although the dominant and additive effects played major roles and accounted for more than 70% of the total variance, there was also a small epistatic effect.The broad and narrow sense heritability of oil content was 83.88 and 36.94%, respectively.Based on the oil content differences between the reciprocal crosses in the same offspring generation (F1 and F2) in rapeseed, it could be concluded that there were significant cytoplasmic effects on oil content.In this study, two lines with significantly cytoplasmic effects, either positive or negative, were selected.