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OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of AW2 on human NSCLC A549 cell line and mouse lewis lung carcinoma cell.To study the anti-tumor mechanism of AW2.METHODS AND RESULTS AW2 had inhibitory effect on the growth of lewis xenograft lung carcinoma in vivo, the inhibitory rate of tumor ranged from 21.86% (P < 0.05) to 47.31% (P < 0.05).In vitro, MTT assay and growth curve assay showed that Aikete injection suppressed the proliferation of A549 cell line dose-and time-dependently.IC50 of AW2 to A549 cells was 118.80 ± 27.97 (crude drug)g·L-1.The characteristics of cell apoptosis were observed in Aikete injection group by Wright Giemsa staining and HE staining in vivo and in vitro.In addition, the results of flow cytometry proved AW2 could induce the early apoptosis, arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase in A549 cell line.Furthermore, in AW2 group the caspase-3 expression was increased, Bcl-2 expression and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were decreased by RT-PCR and Western-blot.CONCLUSION AW2, essential oil, the extract from Ferula sinkiangensisK.M.Shen, had anti-proliferative activity on lung carcinoma cells both in vivo and in vitro.It may induce lung cancer apoptosis through arresting cell cycle in G2/M phase, down-regulation the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2, up-regulation the expression of caspase-3.