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A novel concept of area sensing based on long-gauge fiber optic sensors for structural health monitoring is presented in this paper.By designing the fiber optic sensor with a long gauge, it becomes possible to measure the distribu ted strain responses throughout the full at least most important areas of structures, thus not only local strain but also global information are obtained.Multiple purposes are achieved by desing the long-gague sensors for structural health monitoring as described below: (1) direct stratic and dynamic strain measurement; (2) deformation prediction from the long-gauge sensor output; (3) load identification from the distributed strain measurement; (4) modal analysis by using the dynamic macro-strain measurements for structural modal parameter identification; (5) damage detection by developing innovative macro-strain based damage indexes (like strain ratio).Advancement of the developed long-gauge fiber optic sensor technol ogy is demonstrated by implementing it for structural monitoring and damage detection of several real bridges throughout the paper.