【摘 要】
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of the airways and lung parenchyma (GOLD, 2011), manifested primaril
【机 构】
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Forest Research Institute USA
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of the airways and lung parenchyma (GOLD, 2011), manifested primarily by airway limitation that is not fully reversible, and associated with chronic cough in the case of chronic bronchitis and enlargement of the air space distal to the terminal bronchioles in the case of emphysema.COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the world and the third in the US.Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for COPD, particularly in developing countries.Other risk factors include occupational or environmental exposures to dusts gases, vapors and biomass smoke.
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