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There are about 10535 species of ferns in the world belonging to 21 families and 212 genera.Among these species, more than 1000 species have been used as the medicinal herbs and edible materials since 3000 years.Edible ferns are some of the most important wild vegetables.The major identified constituents in ferns are flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids.This review summarized the secondary metabolites of fern species and their pharmacological activities.We collected the data from 50 fems used in China, Europe, Brazil, India and 300 compounds were discussed.