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A novel microstructure model, which is constructed all by yarns, has been established to demonstrate the microstructure and calculate the mechanical properties of 3-dimensional (3-D) 5-directional (5-d) braided composites by a two-scale way.This microstructure model is based on the study of four-step 1 × 1 braiding process and shows the amounts and directions of 6 kinds of yarns at microscopic level.