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Harmful algal blooms(HABs) has become a serious global marine disaster,how to conduct HABs studies scientifically,reducing and preventing HABs disaster effectively have become a major issues that urgently need to be solved.Therefore it is necessary to carry out risk assessment of HABs disaster research to analyze hazard degree of HABs and vulnerability degree of disaster-bearing objects from natural attribute and social attribute.Hazard degree of HABs is to assess the probability of disaster outbreak,it is affected by N/P ratios,light intensity,temperature and so on.Vulnerability degree of disaster-bearing objects is to assess,it is affected mainly by different kinds of HABs.