Effects of copper toxicity on the morphology, ultrastructure and mineral nutrition of young plants o

来源 :The 17th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Env | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:yusijin11
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  Copper(Cu)when present in high concentrations in water or soil,is toxic to plants,which limits plant growth.The excess Cu causes morphological,physiological and ultrastructural,and unbalance the absorption and translocation of mineral nutrients in plants.The species Inga subnuda subsp.Luschnathiana is found in soils contaminated with copper in the cocoa region,due to copper fungicides used to control long broom-broom disease of cocoa that provided a significant increase in the copper content in the soil.However scientific information concerning the concentration and toxicity of Cu in the species are unknown.This study aimed to evaluate the major anatomic and ultrastructural changes in tissue and cellular level,respectively,in leaves and roots and quantify the content of macro-and micronutrients minerals in roots,stems and leaves in young plants of I.luschnathiana.The seedlings were collected and placed in pots containing nutrient solution for ninety days.After this time the treatments were implemented with the following concentrations of copper,0.005 mmol L-1(control),5,10,15 and 30 mol L-1 in the form of CuSO4.5H2O for five days.At the end of the experimental period,there were chemical analysis and quantification of metal,light microscopy and electron,and statistics.Leaf anatomy analysis showed significant effects of doses of Cu on the thickness of the epidermis in the abaxial and adaxial; mesophyll,palisade parenchyma and in the intercellular space of the parenchyma.At the root there was destruction of the epidermis,decreased intercellular space and changes in the format of the initial cells of the outer cortex at higher Cu.It was found that increasing the nutrient solution Cu promote changes in the ultrastructure in leaf mesophyll cells and disorganization of thylakoid membranes,disruption of the inner and outer membranes of chloroplasts,mitochondria and changes in electron-material deposition in the vacuole of the cells and parenchymal cell walls.The starch grains disappear gradually with increasing Cu content in the nutrient solution,however there was an increase in the number of plastoglóbulos.Already at the root changes were observed as electron-materials within the vacuole of epidermal cell and cell wall disruption wall and endoderm,the tonoplast invaginations and retraction of the vacuole.As for the absorption of macro and micro minerals there were higher levels in stems and leaves,except for Cu which was accumulated higher levels in the root.The ultrastructural changes in root level,alter the absorption and translocation of nutrients from roots to shoots,which may be associated with disruption of cell membranes and endoderm.Material buildup eletrodense increase in plastoglóbulos were verified as defense mechanisms.
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