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β1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies are present in approximately 51% of patients suffering from heart failure.We sought to observe the distribution and effect of autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of betal-adrenergic receptors (β1-AA) in heart failure patients with arrhythmia.Sera from 54 heart failure patients with arrhythmia were screened for β1-AA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the positive rate was 63%,which was significantly higher than that in the coronary heart disease group and healthy group.IgGs in the positive autoantibody sera from arrhythmia patients were purified and administered to normal mice;then the ECGs were dynamically, and arrhythmia frequency was shown to be increased.Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the human β1-adrenoceptor in BALB/c mice and administered to heart failure mice.β1-AA induced a dose-dependent increase of arrhythmia frequency in heart failure mice, which was significantly higher than the normal group.The frequency of ventricular arrhythmia was much more than other types.β1-AA may contribute to the increased ventricular arrhythmia sensitivity in heart failure.