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Thrombin and sphingosine-l-phosphate (S 1P) increase and decrease endothelial permeability, respectively, by modulating activities of Rho-family GTPases that control the actin cytoskeleton and integrity of intercellular junctions.Our recent finding that endothelial cells in tightly confluent monolayers frequently display local lamellipodia led us to test the hypothesis that these dynamic adhesive structures are important for control of endothelial barrier function.