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Lung cancer is a worldwide leading cause of death due to cancer, with a high mortality rate in Rosario city, Argentina for males (65%ooo).Currently, it is regarded as a complex phenomenon with multiple variables involved, such as food intake.In order to analyze the association between lung cancer and macro and micro nutrients found in foods, a case-control study was carried out collecting information on smoking status, occupation and diet.Patients answered questions about their smoking habit.Since 98% of the cases were smokers, the analysis was restricted to this type of patient considering non smoking status as an exclusion criterium.Diet was measured by collecting information about type, quantity and frequency of all commonly ingested foods.Although the age range for this study was from 30 to 82 years, approximately 80.4 % of the cases were < 70 years old.Mean energy intakes were 2767 ± 970 kcal for cases, and 2717 ± 979 kcal for controls (p=0.702).Controls ingested larger quantities of vitamin A, C and E,polyunsaturated fat acids, calcium, magnesium and manganese than cases.Multivariate analysis was carried out by grouping the intake of each nutrient according to the tertiles of the pooled distribution.The category with the lower intake was taken as the reference category for all the nutrients.Estimations for the odd ratios for each nutrient were adjusted for smoking, occupation, body mass index, and energy intake.The risk of being a lung cancer case decreases as the intake of calcium, magnesium and manganese increases.Likewise, higher consumption of vitamins A, C and E is associated with decreases in the risk of lung cancer.In conclusion, the complex mechanisms in which some nutrients emerge as an important factor in the prevention of this pathology are not yet elucidated.The relationship among factors involved in lung carcinogenesis may be envisioned as a dynamic process requiring a complex interaction between modifiable and non-modifiable factors in the host, environmental pollution, occupational contaminants, and sociocultural aspects.While smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, aggravated by occupational contaminants, evidence suggested that the intake of such nutrients may decrease its harmful effects.