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The termite genus Reticulitermes species are serious pests of wooden structures and important quarantine insects in the world.It is very difficult to distinguish different Reticulitermes species based on their similar morphology,which brings much trouble to quarantine work for inva-sive Reticulitermes species.Here,we used the four molecular markers,18S rDNA,COⅠ,COⅡ and ITS genes,to carry out phylogenetic analysis and identification of the six Reticulitermes spe-cies.We found that R.labralis,R.speratus,R.aculabialis,R.chinensis and R.flaviceps from China clustered together in the phylogenetic tree of COⅠ gene,consisting with geographical distribution of them.We suggest that COⅠ gene is suitable for interspecific phylogenetic analysis of Reticulitermes species.Subsequently,we designed and synthesized specific primer and TaqMan probe based on the COⅠ gene of R.chinensis,and found that this primer can specifically detect R.chinensis.The mini-mum concentration of DNA sample is 1pg/μL for the identification of R.chinensis.Our results suggest that the rapid and accurate identification of different Reticulitermes species can be achieved by fluorescent PCR technology based on COⅠ gene.