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Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristic of the bacteria population involved in infection of periodontal guided tissue regeneration(GTR).Methods Class Ⅱ furcation defects were created in the first and second premolars of 2 beagle dogs.Space-providing expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE)membranes were implanted to provide for GTR.The ePTFE membranes were retrieved 8 weeks after GTR for detecting the species and population of bacteria on ePTFE membranes and alveolar bone by selective and non-selective culture.Results Fusobacterium nucleatum,Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Black-pigmented bacterium,Actinomycete,and Streptococcus mutans were detected from both of ePTFE membranes and alveolar bone.Alveolar bone showed higher population of black-pigmented bacterium compared with ePTFE membranes.Conclusion Our findings implied that a variety of bacteria could be involved in infection in periodontal guided tissue regeneration.Antibacterial agent that has abroad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity should be selected to prevent periodontal GTR infection.