For animals with complex defensive systems,natural selection should favor morphological,ecological,behavioral,and physiological traits that function effecti
The Himalaya played a significant role in shaping the distribution pattern of species.The sharp increase of elevation in short geographical distance further
Species belonging to three nominal genera of Asian natricine snakes possess defensive glands in the dorsal skin,either in the neck(nuchal glands)or along th
Understanding how ecological processes affected phenotypic evolution is an important goal in ecology and evolution.Sympatric divergence-phenotypic evolution
The macaques,genus Macaca,represent one of the most successful primate radiations.With such a variety of range and species that differ in ecology and extern