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Objective: Investigate the role of CRT in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by analysis its expression in sera, synovial fluid and synovial membrane in patients with RA.Methods: Levels of CRT in sera from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), other autoimmune diseases and health control (HC) were detected by ELISA and Western blot.CRT levels in synovial fluid from RA and OA patients were measured by ELISA.Pathological methods were employed to analyze the expression and localization of CRT in synovial membrane.Results:CRT was found to be significantly up-regulated in sera from RA [(4.817±2.423) ng/ml] than that in OA [(3.574±0.923) ng/ml], SLE [(4.013±1.524) ng/ml], other autoimmune diseases [(3.882±0.842)ng/ml]and HC [(3.726±0.619) ng/ml].There is only the monomer form of CRT in serum.Pathological results showed that in RA synovium CRT was mainly expressed in the lining and sublining layers, endothelial cells and perivascular areas;while in OA, only little CRT staining was seen in perivascular areas and the synovial lines.Conclusion: In RA, increased levels of CRT were detected in sera.Also, high expression of CRT was observed in synovium and the locations were different from OA.Our results indicated that CRT may be involved in the RA joint inflammation reaction and pannus formation.CRT may become a potential serological marker in the diagnosis of RA.