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林地施肥是根据树木生理活动对营养元素的需求与土壤供应能力,对林木进行补充营养,以满足树木生长发育的需要,最大限度地提高木材产量与质量。十九世纪以来对主要用材树种进行了林木施肥试验,迄80年代初,全世界林地施肥面积已达1600万公顷。研究与生产实践都已证明,对于多数树种通过施肥可以提高林木生长量,缩短成材年限,促进林木结实,缩短幼林抚育期,改善林地肥力状况,生态效益及经济效益十分显著。此外,通过合理施肥还可以改善木材物理性质,增加树木抗逆性能如抵御病害、虫害、冻害等。林地施肥效益的充分发挥,与施肥技术、施肥量、肥料配比有密切关系,但同时也受土壤性质、气候条件、树种特性等方面的明显影响。因此,对每一树种的具体施肥技术如施肥时期、肥料用量、肥料配比、施肥次数及施用方法尚有待系统地进行研究。
Woodland fertilization is based on physiological activities of trees on nutrient demand and soil supply capacity, the nutritional supplements to trees to meet the needs of tree growth and development, to maximize the timber yield and quality. Forest timber fertilization tests have been conducted on the main tree species since the 19th century. By the early 1980s, the area of forest fertilization in the world had reached 16 million hectares. Research and production practice have proved that for most tree species, fertilization can increase the growth of trees, shorten the useful life, promote the growth of forest trees, shorten the period of young forest growth, and improve the fertility of the forestland. The ecological benefits and economic benefits are very significant. In addition, through rational fertilization can also improve the physical properties of wood, increase the resistance of trees such as resistance to disease, pests, frost damage and so on. The full utilization of fertilization benefits in forestland is closely related to fertilization technology, fertilizer application rate and fertilizer ratio, but it is also significantly affected by soil properties, climatic conditions and species characteristics. Therefore, the specific fertilization techniques for each tree species such as fertilization period, the amount of fertilizer, fertilizer ratio, fertilization frequency and application methods have yet to be systematically studied.