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As a result of metropolitan suburbanization and rural urbanization,the formation and evolution of urban fringe in China are deeply affected by policies on urban land use,migration,investment and spatial distribution of industries.However,endogenous interactions between industrial structure and spatial patterns of non-agricultural activities are the core driving forces of their inter-evolution.Studies on urban fringes in China have long been restricted by the lack of micro-level data since the 1980s.Taking the case of Beijing,based on systematic firm-level data gathered from the National Censuses of Basic Units in 1996 and 2001,this paper inspects the spatial expansion of the urban fringe.Then,industrial development and spatial evolution of non-agricultural activities are analyzed in the context of interaction between them.Urban fringe is the best location for manufacturing,especially heavy manufacturing,as well as traditional producer services and living services.However,industries with spatial stickiness such as tourism and sports won’t move with the fringe.At the same time,advanced services still concentrate mostly in the city center.The diversity of distribution patterns across sectors has induced the results that industrial structure adjustment promotes the expansion and spatial evolution of urban fringe,and that,on the other hand,the stability and dynamics of industrial structure coexist in the moving urban fringe.Exogenous factors such as urban planning,ring roads and suburban highways,development zones,land price,amenities and integrated environment are also important driving forces of non-agricultural activities evolution in urban fringe of Beijing.It is shown that the combined action of spatial optimization and industrial structure adjustment is an effective solution to economic,spatial and social problems in urban fringes.